Collect columns into a struct column

Description

Usage

pl$struct(exprs, schema = NULL)

Arguments

`exprs`	Columns/Expressions to collect into a Struct.
`schema`	Optional schema named list that explicitly defines the struct field dtypes. Each name must match a column name wrapped in the struct. Can only be used to cast some or all dtypes, not to change the names. If `NULL` (default), columns datatype are not modified. Columns that do not exist are silently ignored and not included in the final struct.

Details

pl$struct() creates an Expr of DataType Struct().

Compared to the Python implementation, pl$struct() doesn’t have the argument eager and always returns an Expr. Use $to_series() to return a Series.

Value

Expr with dtype Struct

Examples

library(polars)

# isolated expression to wrap all columns in a struct aliased 'my_struct'
pl$struct(pl$all())$alias("my_struct")

#> polars Expr: *.as_struct().alias("my_struct")

# wrap all column into on column/Series
df = pl$DataFrame(
  int = 1:2,
  str = c("a", "b"),
  bool = c(TRUE, NA),
  list = list(1:2, 3L)
)$select(
  pl$struct(pl$all())$alias("my_struct")
)

print(df)

#> shape: (2, 1)
#> ┌─────────────────────┐
#> │ my_struct           │
#> │ ---                 │
#> │ struct[4]           │
#> ╞═════════════════════╡
#> │ {1,"a",true,[1, 2]} │
#> │ {2,"b",null,[3]}    │
#> └─────────────────────┘

print(df$schema) # returns a schema, a named list containing one element a Struct named my_struct

#> $my_struct
#> DataType: Struct(
#>     [
#>         Field {
#>             name: "int",
#>             dtype: Int32,
#>         },
#>         Field {
#>             name: "str",
#>             dtype: String,
#>         },
#>         Field {
#>             name: "bool",
#>             dtype: Boolean,
#>         },
#>         Field {
#>             name: "list",
#>             dtype: List(
#>                 Int32,
#>             ),
#>         },
#>     ],
#> )

# wrap two columns in a struct and provide a schema to set all or some DataTypes by name
e1 = pl$struct(
  pl$col(c("int", "str")),
  schema = list(int = pl$Int64, str = pl$String)
)$alias("my_struct")
# same result as e.g. wrapping the columns in a struct and casting afterwards
e2 = pl$struct(
  list(pl$col("int"), pl$col("str"))
)$cast(
  pl$Struct(int = pl$Int64, str = pl$String)
)$alias("my_struct")

df = pl$DataFrame(
  int = 1:2,
  str = c("a", "b"),
  bool = c(TRUE, NA),
  list = list(1:2, 3L)
)

# verify equality in R
identical(df$select(e1)$to_list(), df$select(e2)$to_list())

#> [1] TRUE

df$select(e2)

#> shape: (2, 1)
#> ┌───────────┐
#> │ my_struct │
#> │ ---       │
#> │ struct[2] │
#> ╞═══════════╡
#> │ {1,"a"}   │
#> │ {2,"b"}   │
#> └───────────┘

df$select(e2)$to_data_frame()

#>   my_struct
#> 1      1, a
#> 2      2, b